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Showing posts with label coal mining. Show all posts
Showing posts with label coal mining. Show all posts
Contract prices for coking coal have surged to their highest levels since 2011.

Coking coal is a crucial ingredient in the steel making process but prices for the December 2016 quarter were relatively low at $US200 per tonne.

Yet figures for this year's March quarter have been locked in at $US285, a jump research analyst Gavin Wendt said, was still being driven by Chinese buyers.

"We have seen tremendous demand strength out of China, much more significant really than the market had anticipated, certainly through the later price of 2016," he said.

"There was a feeling that we would start to see Chinese demand, economic growth and Chinese activity start to tail off a little bit."

Mr. Wendt attributed the continuation of such strong demand from the country to a range of issues, but outlined a drop in domestic Chinese production as the primary reason.

"Chinese authorities have tried to cut back on domes-tic coking coal production," he said.

"When you have a situation where China's steel production is still robust but there is less domestic coal being produced, the gap obviously has to be filled by imported coal."

Spot coking coal prices fall Meanwhile, spot prices are almost $100 less than those of the contracts.
In the second half of 2016, spot prices for coking coal prices more than tripled to $US300 per tonne, but have since fallen back to about $US180.

However, Mr. Wendt suggested those numbers could climb during future negotiations between industry stakeholders. He believed spot prices had fallen due to discounted products as mining companies locked in new buyers.

"That will probably adjust itself when producers sit down with steel mills to talk about march quarter pricing." The year ahead for coal Mr. Wendt was optimistic about coal production throughout 2017, and believed prices would remain strong for the first six months.

"I think we'll start the year on a very positive note and I think we'll probably see very strong prices during the first half of 2017," he said. "As for the second half... a lot of it depends on the overall uncertainty on the international scale, [particularly] what happens in the United States”, he added.

"There is certainly talk around there of significant expansion projects and industrialisation and infrastructure spending ... how that is going to be implemented remains to be seen."

(Source – Mining.com, 19-January-2017)
After 40 years long time India is getting ready to open up commercial coal mining to private companies for the first time in four decades, with the aim of shifting the world's third-biggest coal importer towards energy self-sufficiency.

Coal Secretary Mr. Anil Swarup said on Friday the government has identified mines it plans to auction, and is now finalising other terms such as eligibility criteria for companies to take part and whether and how to set up revenue sharing. He said a plan should be ready in the 2-3 months, setting a clear timeline on a plan that has previously only been vaguely marked out.

India has an ambitious plan to double its coal production to 1.5 billion tonnes a year by 2020, as part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's push to bring power to 300 million people who live without electricity, and give a boost to manufacturing.

It would also support the government's efforts to develop eastern parts of the country, which are resource-rich and hold most of India's coal reserves but have lagged the western states in development.

State-owned Coal India is on track to produce 1 billion tonnes a year by the end of this decade, and India is counting on private firms to produce the remaining 500 million tones - which may prove a tough target to achieve. 



As of now, only Coal India and a small government-owned company are allowed to mine and sell coal in India.

"It's imperative that India opens up the sector so that private companies can bring in new technologies and the efficiencies that we keep talking about," said Dipesh Dipu at energy-focused Jenissi Management Consultants. "But I don't think private companies will be able to produce more than 100 million tonnes this decade as the process has yet to start."

The move is likely to attract coal block bids from Indian conglomerates such as the Adani Group and GVK, but the government may find it harder to lure big multinational miners such as Rio Tinto, BHP Billiton, Anglo American and Peabody Energy. Rio Tinto did not respond to requests for comment.

Coal prices are at multi-year lows amid global oversupply, and foreign companies have faced obstacles to investing in India, such as problems in getting land and environmental approvals.

Some private companies also worry that the best quality mines would be left for Coal India.

FINALISING TERMS 

Swarup was handpicked by Modi to lead a turnaround in the coal sector soon after the prime minister came to power in 2014. 

Under Swarup's watch, Coal India has seen record production growth, and the government auctioned off a series of coal blocks successfully. Coal imports fell for a sixth straight month in December. 

Until last year, India spent around $16 billion a year importing foreign coal, even though it sits on the world's fifth-biggest reserves of more than 300 billion tonnes. 

Anil Swarup said there were still some aspects of the plan to bring in private players that needed to be examined carefully. 

The government, for example, has to make sure that companies do not under-report sales if a revenue-sharing model is adopted, he said. 

Companies can do that by selling coal to their units at discounted rates, and by calculating the government's share based on that instead of the market price. 

Swarup declined to say where the identified mines were located. Most of India's coal is in the eastern states of Jharkhand, Odisha and Chhattisgarh.

(Source: Assorted With Economics Times, January 9, 2016)
Australian environmentalists believe the political climate is changing. They say that last month’s Paris climate summit signaled a shift toward a zero-carbon global economy, so Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull should get with the program, phasing out fossil fuels and slashing emissions further than his center-right government’s target of 26% to 28% below 2005 levels by 2030.
On the surface, the climate debate has shifted away from the skepticism of Tony Abbott,the former conservative prime minister whose opposition to the Labor Party’s carbon tax helped ensure his election victory in 2013. After all, Paris was a public-relations success for the anticarbon crowd. Stocks in fossil-fuel companies plummeted and renewables soared on the Australian stock exchange following the conclusion of the global pact.
Since toppling Mr. Abbott in a party-room coup in September, Mr. Turnbull has overturned the ban on government subsidies to wind farms. Mr. Abbott, now an outspoken parliamentary backbencher, is denounced as a Neanderthal for expressing faith in the coal industry.
But at a more fundamental level, nothing has changed. Climate sensitivity—which measures how much the climate will warm—still appears to be at the low end of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s range. There is no new cause for alarm, and the most prominent doomsayers, from American James Hansen to the Brit George Monbiot, have expressed their dismay at the toothlessness of the Paris accord.
Coal mines such as this one north of Sydney are expected to ramp up production.ENLARGE
Coal mines such as this one north of Sydney are expected to ramp up production. PHOTO:WILLIAM WEST/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE/GETTY IMAGES
The 196 nations only agreed to volunteer their carbon-cutting promises to the IPCC every five years. They don’t have to set ambitious goals, not least because there are no common standards for measuring improvement.
Nor are they required to meet their targets, largely because there is no penalty for noncompliance. Unlike 1997’s Kyoto Protocol, Paris isn’t a legally binding treaty. Nations can provide excuses for failure and pledge to do better next time. That hardly bodes well for verifiable and enforceable action to slash greenhouse gas emissions.
The non-OECD nations that account for about 60% of global emissions are producing more coal and building more coal-fired power stations than ever. More than 2,500 stations are either under construction or planned world-wide, mostly in India and China. Although President Barack Obama has discouraged the World Bank and its affiliates from investing in coal power, the new China-led Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank won’t be so constrained.
China will continue to improve the energy efficiency of its economy as it grows—a goal it has long pursued—but it says it will only start reducing emissions in 2030. On the eve of the Paris summit, Beijing revealed it had burned 17% more coal a year than it had formally disclosed. Its leaders talk a big game, but the world’s No. 1 emitter won’t sacrifice economic growth for climate change.
Ditto the No. 3 emitter, India. Within days of Paris, Coal India confirmed that coal production would double in the next decade. Millions of Indians still live in the dark, and their leaders are unwilling to depress economic growth.
Carbon remains the cheapest source of energy to reduce poverty. As Indian economistRathin Roy told the Australian public broadcaster after Paris, “I don’t think any country or any Australian would want any Indian child to not have access to a light bulb.”
Climate enthusiasts hail the global climate fund, through which rich nations foot the bill for climate mitigation in the developing world. Industrialized countries say they will provide $100 billion a year from 2020 onward. Don’t bet on it. The developed world raised less than $1 billion last year.
It is also far from clear where the aid will go and on what conditions. Will the U.S. Congress participate at all? Imagine an American politician asking voters to pay higher taxes so Uncle Sam can help China become more energy efficient and economically competitive. Greening the economy is not a cost-free exercise.
Which brings us back to Australia, a coal-producing powerhouse that weathered the global financial storm largely because of the commodities boom. Green activists and their well-heeled urban supporters insist the Paris pact represents the beginning of the end of Australian coal, but command-and-control mechanisms lack broad public support.
Labor Prime Minister Julia Gillard’s carbon tax in 2011-13 was met with public backlash, as was her predecessor Kevin Rudd’s proposed cap-and-trade scheme. These mechanisms amount to lost jobs, lower growth and higher prices up and down the energy chain. No renewable energy source is as efficient as carbon.
Within days of Paris, the Turnbull government approved one of the world’s largest coal mines, at the Abbot Point port in the northeast state of Queensland. The mine will be expanded by Indian energy giant Adani Enterprises. Environmental groups fret that the project poses a threat to the health of the Great Barrier Reef, a charge dismissed by Unesco. Canberra’s decision, subject to rigorous safeguards, serves the national interest and the greater good.
Adani’s expansion will help provide cheap electricity, improve living standards and save lives across developing nations, especially India. It will create thousands of construction and operational jobs in Queensland. And if one or more of Queensland’s proposed Galilee Basin coal-mine projects go ahead, which now seems likely, the Abbot port could be developed to allow increased Australian exports.
None of this should be surprising. According to the International Energy Agency, Southeast Asian coal demand will triple for at least 25 years, and Australia will be the world’s largest coal exporter by 2020. The politicians at Paris harbor illusions, but Mr. Abbott’s belief that “coal is the future” sounds correct.
 (Source: Mr. Switzer is a research associate at the University of Sydney’s United States Studies Centre and host of “Between the Lines” on Australia Broadcasting Corporation’s Radio National, Wall Street Journal, January 5, 2016) 
China, the world’s largest coal consumer, has decided to halt new coal mines approval for the next three years while it continues cutting output at existing operations, in a new effort to shrink both oversupply and a worsening pollution crisis.
Beijing will shut more than 1,000 coal mines next year, taking out 60 million metric tons of unneeded capacity
As part of the tough rules implemented by the national energy regulator, Beijing will shut more than 1,000 coal mines next year, taking out 60 million metric tons of unneeded capacity, state-run agency Xinhua News reported.
China's chronic air pollution generally gets worse in winter, when power consumption —much of it fuelled by coal — rises along with demand for heating. Earlier this month, capital Beijing issued its first-ever red alert for pollution. Poisonous air quality prompted the government to close schools, force motorists off the road and shut down factories for more than 72 hours.
The government has also readjusted its targeted energy mix for 2016. Under the new blueprint, non-fossil fuels will make up 13.2% of the country's energy, an increase from 12% this year. The ratio of natural gas will also increase to 6.2% from 6% while coal usage will be reduced to 62.6% from around 64.4% this year.
For the next five years, the Chinese government also aims to add over 20 million kilowatts of installed wind power and more than 15 million kilowatts of installed photovoltaic power.
(Source: Mining.com)

        Year End Review - Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Bill 2015 Passed; Laid Down Robust & Transparent System for Coal Mines Auctioning.

  • Centre Auctioned 31 Coal Mines; Another 42 Coal Mines allotted to State Entities

  • Potential Revenue Generation of over Rs 3.44 Lakh Crore Estimated During Life Time of Mines to the Coal Producing States

  • Over Rs 1395.69 Crore Transferred to Coal Bearing States

  • Coal Production & Off-Take by CIL grew by 8.8% & 9.8% in First 8 Months of FY 16 ; Gears up for One Billion Tonne Output by 2020

The year 2015 will be written in golden letters in the annals of history of coal sector in the country for the coal mines auction conducted in an efficient & transparent way. The success of coal block auctions  carried out by the new government has proved that its decision to conduct a “fair and transparent” bidding for coal mines has benefitted the country in a big way because India has actually hit a gold mine with the recently concluded auctions.
In order to laid down robust & transparent system after the Supreme Court order, an Ordinance was promulgated to legally enable the Government to re-allocate 204 coal mines cancelled by the court and ensure smooth transfer of right, title and interests in the mine along with its land and other associated mining infrastructure to the new allocatee to be selected through an auction or allotment to Government companies, as the case may be.   The Parliament passed the Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Bill 2015 on 20th March,2015 which replaced the  Ordinance. Under the provisions of the Coal Mines ( Special Provisions) Act ,2015, the Central Government has so far successfully auctioned in three tranches 31 coal mines  and allotted  42 coal mines/Blocks to Central or State Government Companies .
The auction of coal mines has been universally hailed to be a success, which has not only ensured that there is no disruption in the economy in the wake of the order of the Supreme Court , but have also set new benchmark for efficiency and transparency.It is estimated that Rs 3.44 lakh crore of likely revenue to States through coal mines e-auctions & allotments over 30 years from just the three rounds of auction. The fourth round of auction of 8 coal mines ( Schedule III) for non-regulated sector has also been announced.  
 Out of 34 operating coal mines auctioned/ allotted, nine mines have started coal production and have registered over 5Mt output and rest all expected to begin production in next 2/3 months.
Coal Indian Ltd ( CIL)production jumped 8.8 per cent to 321.38 mt during April-November period of current fiscal while off-take soared by 9.8 percent.
 In a historic decision, in order to meet the requirements of the industry, improve coal quality, promote efficiency as well as save the environment, CIL will supply 100% crushed coal to its customers from 1st April, 2016. The Ministry has decided to ensure supply of quality fuel by supplying crushed coal from Ist January next year.  CIL has also started the process of setting up 15 coal washeries to supply clean coal Grade 10 and above from October  2017.
Rationalisation of linkages has been done so far for 19 thermal coal plants resulting in annual saving of Rs 1423 crore in freight cost.
Details of Important initiatives & achievements of Ministry of Coal are as follows:
Coal Mines Auction & Allocation :
            Under the provisions of the Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015, the Central Government has so far successfully auctioned 31 coal mines and allotment of 42 coal mines/Blocks to Central or State Government Companies .    The auction and allotment proceeds from 73 coal mines (31 Coal blocks through auction & 42 coal blocks through allocation) have touched over Rs 3.44 lakh crore over the life of the mine, which shall be devolving entirely to the coal producing States.
Revenue which would accrue to the coal bearing State Government concerned comprises of Upfront payment as prescribed in the tender document, Auction proceeds and Royalty on per tonne of coal production. The estimated revenue which would accrue to coal bearing state during the life of mine/lease period from the Auction of 31 Coal Mines is Rs. 1,96,698 crore. In addition, an estimated amount of Rs. 1,48,275 crore would accrue to coal bearing States from allotment of 42 coal mines to Central and State PSU’s. Further, the benefit to consumers in terms of reduction of electricity tariffs is likely to be about Rs. 69,310.97 crore.
In the first half of the budget session, both the houses of Parliament passed the Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Bill 2015 and thus the ordinance became an act of Parliament.

Key highlights of Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act 2015 are as follows:
  • The new Act has provisions for allocation of coal mines through a transparent bidding process i.e. E-auction.
  • The E-auction of coal blocks will ensure the continuity in coal mining operations and will promote optimum utilisation of coal resources.
  • The new Act also facilitates E-auction of coal blocks for private companies for captive use and allots mines directly to state and central Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).
  • It has provisions that propose strong measures for rehabilitation and compensation for displaced persons.
  • It enables sale of coal specially to small, medium and cottage industries which will increase employment & incomes in these sectors.
In the coal sector, Indian companies & Indian subsidiaries of foreign companies will be eligible for commercial mining. This provision is expected to attract global mining giants and make the sector more competitive and cost-effective.
*one coal mine is regionally explored and accordingly no estimates have been made.
Under the “Auction by Competitive bidding Rules,2012” , 10 regionally explored coal blocks have been allotted to Central/State Government Companies . In addition, 4 regionally explored lignite blocks have also been allotted to Government companies of Government of Gujarat .
An amount of Rs 1395,69,77046.25 Crore received on account of upfront & monthly payment ( up to Oct 31st2015)has already been transferred to coal bearing States concerned.


Out of 34 Scheduled –II coal mines auctioned (17) and allotted (17), 9 coal mines have come under production. Production from these 9 coal mines up to September 2015 is 4.823 Million Tonnes (Prov.) Remaining mines are in different stages of obtaining various clearances.

Fourth round of auction, which will commence from January 2016 will auction nine Schedule- III coal mines earmarked for Non-regulated Sector i.e. Iron & Steel, Cement and Captive Power Plants.
Coal Production:

The production of raw coal during first half (April-September) of 2015-16 was 275.29 Mte compared to 264.54Mte during the corresponding period last year. The overall growth in coal production during April-September 2015 was 4.1%.

CIL records volume increase in coal production and off-take (Apr-Nov 2015)

Coal production and coal off-take by Coal India Limited (CIL), the state sector coal mining company, grew by 8.8% and 9.8% respectively during April-November 2015 on a year-on-year comparison. CIL increased its production by almost 26 Million Tonnes during April-November 2015 compared to same period previous fiscal, continuing its upward swing in production. The impetus laid on off-take also paid result as the volume increase in coal off-take during the period has been 30.44 Million Tonnes.

CIL as a whole produced 321.38 Million Tonnes of coal during April-November 2015 against 295.40 Million Tonnes last year same period the growth being 8.8%. Almost all the coal producing subsidiaries of CIL registered positive growth in production. Coal off-take was 341.13 Million Tonnes during April-November 2015 period compared to 310.70 Million Tonnes same period last year, registering a growth of 9.8%.  


Facet

Apr-Nov 2015

Apr-Nov 2014

Increase in absolute terms

Growth

Production
(in Million Tonnes)


321.38

295.40

25.98

8.8%
Off-take
(in Million Tonnes)


341.13

310.70

30.44


9.8%








The increase in coal off-take of 30.44 Million Tonnes during April-November 2015 is two-and-a-half times more than that of 12.09 Million Tonnes achieved during same period last year.
In coal production, CIL posted a rise of 26 Million Tonnes during April-November 2015 as against 20.69 Million Tonnes in the same period previous year.  


Reduction in Coal Imports: 
Higher coal production  has resulted in lower coal imports. The coal imports have been coming down by 4.56% since last year. 

               Month Wise Import of Coal  during  2015-16



(Quantity in Mte & Value in Million Rs.)
                2015-16 (Provisional)


          2014-15
Growth%
Month
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
in Qty
April
15.84
77517
16.14
84584
-1.88
May
21.35
95348
15.86
79765
34.62
June
17.26
77393
16.89
86576
2.20
July
12.82
58284
17.88
89693
-28.30
August
13.93
62763
14.17
74945
-1.69
September
12.64
60277
17.30
85989
-26.94
October
14.52
65180
15.30
78080
-5.10
April-October
108.36
496762
114
579632
-4.56
Source : DGCI&S





 Coal Stocks at TPPS:

Coal stock inventory at coal fired power utilities of the country is also at comfortable levels. As of November ending 2015 there is not a single power utility in the country at super critical level and only 1 at critical level, with coal stocks at thermal power stations at a comfortable level of around 27 Million Tonnes which is 21 days coal stock.. At the same period, November ending 2014, the coal stocks at power utilities was 10.85 Million Tonnes accounting for 7 days stock. 50 Power utilities were at critical level then of which 30 were super critical.

Coal Quality:

A number of steps have been taken to ensure quality of coal produced. To address the issue of dispute between coal companies and power utilities and to improve quality of coal, new rules for Third Party Sampling have been introduced. According to the new rules, the authorized representatives of power plant and Coal Company shall jointly witness the process of sample collection as per BIS standards by Third Party Agency appointed by CIMFR. The agency needs to communicate the analysis report within 18 working days of the sample collection. Also, the Government has decided that from 1st January 2016 onwards coal will be transported after being crushed to requisite level.


Coal Washeries:

The Government  has also decided to transport coal above G10 level only after being washed from 1st October 2017. The decision is taken to tackle the quality issue of the coal produced. In order to meet the rising demand, CIL has been setting up 15 new washeries with a total capacity of 112.6 Mty. Out of these washeries, six are Coking Coal washeries with total capacity of 18.6 Mty and nine Non-Coking washeries of 94.0 Mty. Apart from these 3 washeries of 11.6 Mty are under construction.

Rationalization of Coal  Linkages :

Inter-Ministerial Task Force (IMTF) was constituted in June ,2014 to review rationalisation of linkages . Based on IMTF recommendations,  rationalization of coal sources for 15 Thermal Power Plants (TPPs) has been achieved under Stage I. Movement of 19 MT coal has been rationalized resulting in annual recurring saving of Rs 877 crore on transportation cost. Under Stage II proposals, transportation of 2.4 MT coal has been rationalised for 4 TPPs, resulting in potential recurring savings of Rs 563 crore per annum.

Fuel Supply Contracts by CIL:

An Inter-Ministerial Committee (IMC) has been constituted in the Ministry in January 2015 to consider various models including auctioning of coal linkages/LoAs through competitive bidding as the selection process and to recommend the optimal structure that would meet the requirements of all stakeholders.

Opening of Separate e-Auction window exclusively for Power & Non Power Sectors :

 A 5MT e-auction window has been opened for Long and Medium term PPA Holders with floor price of CIL notified price plus 20 % premium. Another 5 MT e-auction window has been opened for Short term PPA or “ No PPA” holders with floor price of CIL notified price plus 40% premium.

Similarly , a separate e-auction window exclusively for non-power sector for a quantity of 4 MT is being opened by CIL wherein the present MoU  non-Power consumers may also participate along with other non-power consumers. This window shall be available only for end users of non-power sector and therefore traders shall not be permitted to participate in the same.

CIL Gearing up for One Billion Tonne Coal Production Mark :

Coal India Limited (CIL), had unveiled its road map, of strategies to be adopted, to attain the one Billion Tonne (BT) coal production mark by 2019-20. With the projected coal demand of the country hovering around 1,200 Million Tonnes (MTs) by 2019-20, at an envisaged growth rate of 7 per cent, CIL is expected to chip in one BT, of which 908 MTs is the expected contribution from the indentified projects. The process of identification of projects to share the balance quantity, to top up the one BT mark, is also underway. The two CIL subsidiaries Sambalpur based Mahanadi Coalfields Limited and the Bilaspur based South Eastern Coalfields Limited are expected to play a pivotal role in CIL’s quest of attaining the one BT production with 250 MTs and 240 MTs respectively. The key issues that the coal miner is basically relying on are timely completion of three critical railway lines and timely land acquisition and green clearance.
CIL has assessed a tentative capital investment of Rs 57,000 crore for next five years to ramp-up its coal production to 908.1Mt. from production level of 494.80 Mt in 2014-15 as part of the road map for production of IBT coal by 2019-20.

WCL to open 36 mines in 36 months; Ramp up production targets to 100 mts by 2020

In order to help CIL to achieve its stupendous coal production target of one billion tonnes by FY 2020, Western Coalfields Limited is planning to enhance its coal production by 150%.  It has already opened 10 mines in the last 10 months and will be opening 26 mines in next 26 months. With this planned expansion, WCL has revised  its goal from 60 mt to 100 mt of coal by 2020 by enhancing its production by 150%.


NLC Ltd on Growth Path :

Neyveli Lignite Corp (NLC) has reached the 30.60 MTPA of Lignite mining capacity as on 31.10.2015 . It has enhanced its power generation capacity from 2740 MW (as on March 2015) to  4263.50 MW inclusive of 10 MWsolar and 13.5 MW wind power . NLC has set high growth target to  become a 19,000 MW power company by 2025 with its own fuel security from its lignite and coal mines

MoUs with Railways & State Governments :

In order to maintain the planned growth in production and evacuation of coal , Memorandum of Understandings (MOUs) have been signed among Ministry of Railways (MoR), Ministry of Coal (MoC) and Governments of Odisha ,Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh  for development of rail infrastructure  through formation of a Joint Ventures (JVs) .

Coal Projects Monitoring Portal (e-CPMP)  :

Coal Projects Monitoring Portal (e-CPMP)  has been established in the Ministry to fast track clearances and pending issues  of coal projects  at State Government as well as Central Ministries .

Contribution to Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan :

The Coal Ministry in association with Ministries of Power and New & Renewable Energy were committed to construct a total of 1 lakh toilets in Government Schools within one year. CPSUs namely NTPC, REC, PGCIL, PFC, NHPC, SJVNL, THDC, NEEPCO, CIL, NLC and IREDA participated in the Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan. The three ministries collectively completed construction of more than 1.28 lakh numbers of toilets in schools across the country in short span of one year, surpassing the commitment of 1 lakh toilets. Out of these , 55,286 toilets were constructed by CIL & its subsidiaries.

RM/PS/ND 

(Source: Assorted with PTI)
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